President Biden during Thursday night's State of the Union address will lay out a distinctly populist vision for what economic policy in his second term would look like.

Why it matters: Next year is set to be a seismic year for U.S. fiscal policy, even if the topic doesn't get covered much, given the stakes of the 2024 election for such attention-grabbing topics as abortion and the future of democracy.

• In Thursday night's speech and in a budget proposal due out next week, the Biden administration will outline a vision for raising taxes on the very wealthy and large corporations and using the funds to support working-class families and reduce the deficit. (A White House fact sheet is here.)
• Many provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, former President Trump's signature tax reform law, expire at the end of next year, creating a hard deadline for Congress and the president to agree on which to extend, which to allow to expire and any new changes.
• The election's outcome — for the White House and both houses of Congress — will determine the balance of power in those negotiations.

For example, the TCJA lowered the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Biden proposes raising it to 28%. (Trump's campaign has not released a detailed tax plan, but signals from his camp suggest he would seek to extend the lower rate or cut further.)

• A notable new Biden proposal would prevent corporations from deducting employee salaries over $1 million from their taxes. Currently, that prohibition only applies to a handful of top executives.
• The proposal would raise $270 billion over 10 years, the White House said. But it could prove problematic for companies like pro sports franchises and investment banks, where pay for high-salaried workers constitutes a large chunk of operating expenses

The speech will also emphasize a number of ideas that have been part of previous Biden proposals, including requiring households worth $100 million or more to pay at least 25% of their earnings in taxes. They are frequently able to enjoy lower effective tax rates because of how the capital gains tax works.

• Biden will again propose an expanded child tax credit, extending a benefit for families with children that was enacted in 2021 but expired in 2022.
• The tax proposals will be paired with actions to assail corporate behavior Democrats see as greedy — tack-on fees for airfares and hotel rooms, for example, and "shrinkflation" — that are small in macroeconomic terms but which the Biden team is betting will resonate with voters.