When Frances E. Anderson saw the latest math scores for America's fourth- and eighth-graders, she was hardly surprised that they had dropped. Until recently—including the period of remote instruction during the pandemic—Anderson taught high school math to students at all levels." Now she is a researcher seeking to change how people understand children's math ability. In the following Q&A, Anderson explains what makes some kids "good" at math and what it will take to catch up those who have fallen behind.