In a study led by Prof. Qi Zhong (China Meteorological Administration Training Center), Dr. Haoming Chen (Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences), and Meteorologist Zhuo Sun, Jiangbo Li, Lili Shen of Hebei Meteorological Observatory, intense rainfall events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTHR) were categorized into two types: those mainly due to strong synoptic forcings (SSF) and those with weak synoptic forcings (WSF).