Although some researchers have identified peptides through multiple methods, as in Arabidopsis and maize, the biological functions of most non-conventional peptides (NCPs) remain to be demonstrated. NCPs function by modulating larger regulatory proteins, and their functions can therefore be predicted from the proteins on which they act. In addition, the functions of NCPs can also be predicted by genome-wide association studies, such as the combination of NCPs with quantitative trait locus (QTL) or domestication analysis. Studies on NCPs of grape berries are scarce, and only a few studies on peptides encoded by primary miRNA sequences have been reported.