People who violate their supervised release—a period of community supervision after release from prison—by committing new crimes are punished not only for their crimes, but also for violating their supervision. In a new paper to be published in the Virginia Law Review, Jacob Schuman, assistant professor of law, Penn State, conducted the first comprehensive examination of how revocation of supervised release for new criminal conduct contributes to mass incarceration—a term referring to the high rates of incarceration in the United States. He also investigates how these punishments are used as a tool of immigration enforcement.