A camera usually requires a lens system to capture a focused image, and the lensed camera has been the dominant imaging solution for centuries. A lensed camera requires a complex lens system to achieve high-quality, bright, and aberration-free imaging. Recent decades have seen a surge in the demand for smaller, lighter, and cheaper cameras. There is a clear need for next-generation cameras with high functionality, compact enough to be installed anywhere. However, the miniaturization of the lensed camera is restricted by the lens system and the focusing distance required by refractive lenses.