Hot-band absorption based anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF) of Indocyanine Green (ICG), much brighter than luminescence from rare-earth ion doped nanoparticles, was observed and studied by scientists in China and U.S. recently. They found that the ASF of ICG can be used for tomography and blood flow velocity measurement of cerebral vessels, reflecting the change of temperature, and achieving multi-organ simultaneous imaging, and has considerable application prospects in biological imaging, sensing and even clinical translation.